Pivots

Pivots is an extended customizable version of Williams Fractal that includes identification of Higher High, Lower Low, Higher Low, and Lower Low trends between pivots in a lookback window. [Discuss] 💬

// C# usage syntax
IReadOnlyList<PivotsResult> results =
  bars.ToPivots(leftSpan, rightSpan, maxTrendPeriods, endType);

Parameters

param	type	description
leftSpan	int	Left evaluation window span width (L). Must be at least 2. Default is 2.
rightSpan	int	Right evaluation window span width (R). Must be at least 2. Default is 2.
maxTrendPeriods	int	Maximum lookback periods (N) for drawing trend lines between pivot points. When pivot points are further apart than this value, the trend line tracking resets. Must be greater than leftSpan. Default is 20.
endType	EndType	Determines whether Close or High/Low are used to find end points. Default is EndType.HighLow.

The total evaluation window size is L+R+1.

::: note The maxTrendPeriods parameter controls the lookback window for trend line calculations, not the number of results returned. :::

Historical price bars requirements

You must have at least L+R+1 periods of bars to cover the warmup periods; however, more is typically provided since this is a chartable candlestick pattern.

bars is a collection of generic TBar historical price bars. It should have a consistent frequency (day, hour, minute, etc). See the Guide for more information.

EndType enum options

enum	int	description
EndType.Close	0	Threshold measured from bar Close price
EndType.HighLow	1	Threshold measured from bar High and Low price

Response

IReadOnlyList<PivotsResult>

• This method returns a time series of all available indicator values for the bars provided.
• It always returns the same number of elements as there are in the historical price bars.
• It does not return a single incremental indicator value.
• The first L and last R periods in bars are unable to be calculated since there's not enough prior/following data.

🖌️ Repaint warning

This price pattern looks forward and backward in the historical price bars so it will never identify a pivot in the last R periods of bars. Pivots are retroactively identified.

PivotsResult

property	type	description
Timestamp	DateTime	Date from evaluated TBar
HighPoint	decimal	Value indicates a high point; otherwise null is returned.
LowPoint	decimal	Value indicates a low point; otherwise null is returned.
HighLine	decimal	Drawn line between two high points in the maxTrendPeriods
LowLine	decimal	Drawn line between two low points in the maxTrendPeriods
HighTrend	PivotTrend	Enum that represents higher high or lower high. See PivotTrend values below.
LowTrend	PivotTrend	Enum that represents higher low or lower low. See PivotTrend values below.

PivotTrend values

PivotTrend.Hh - Higher high

PivotTrend.Lh - Lower high

PivotTrend.Hl - Higher low

PivotTrend.Ll - Lower low

Filtering results

Since this method returns one result per input bar (with null values where no pivot exists), you'll often want to filter results for specific use cases:

// get only records with pivot points
var pivotsOnly = results.Condense();

// get only records with trend lines
var trendsOnly = results
    .Where(x => x.HighTrend != null || x.LowTrend != null);

// get only recent N periods
var recentPivots = results.TakeLast(period);

// get only high pivot points with Higher High trend
var higherHighs = results
    .Where(x => x.HighPoint != null && x.HighTrend == PivotTrend.Hh);

// combine filters: recent periods with trends
var recentTrends = results
    .Where(x => x.HighTrend != null || x.LowTrend != null)
    .TakeLast(period);

Utilities

• .Condense()
• .Find(lookupDate)
• .RemoveWarmupPeriods(removePeriods)

See Utilities and helpers for more information.

Chaining

This indicator is not chain-enabled and must be generated from bars. It cannot be used for further processing by other chain-enabled indicators.

See Chaining indicators for more.

Streaming

Use the buffer-style List<T> when you need incremental calculations without a hub:

PivotsList pivotsList = new(leftSpan, rightSpan, maxTrendPeriods, endType);

foreach (IBar bar in bars)  // simulating stream
{
  pivotsList.Add(bar);
}

// based on `ICollection<PivotsResult>`
IReadOnlyList<PivotsResult> results = pivotsList;

Subscribe to a BarHub for advanced streaming scenarios:

BarHub barHub = new();
PivotsHub observer = barHub.ToPivotsHub(leftSpan, rightSpan, maxTrendPeriods, endType);

foreach (IBar bar in bars)  // simulating stream
{
  barHub.Add(bar);
}

IReadOnlyList<PivotsResult> results = observer.Results;

See Buffer lists and Stream hubs for full usage guides.